Standard 10 Unit 1 - AGAINST THE ODDS : With Difficult Words And Verbs, ધોરણ 10 યુનિટ 1 ક્રિયાપદો

 Standard 10 Unit 1 - AGAINST THE ODDS : With Difficult Words And Verbs

Tracks To Tajnagar

For twenty five years, the residents(નિવાસીઓ) of Taj Nagar village near Gurgaon lobbied(અભિયાન ચલાવ્યું) for a railway station in their village. When their demand(માગ) was not met(પૂરી થઇ નહીં), the villagers(ગામવાસીઓ) decided(નક્કી કર્યું) to take matters(બાબત) into their own hands. They pooled(ભેગું કર્યું) in twenty one lakh rupees and built(બાંધ્યું) a railway station on their own. Most of the three thousand people living in the village are farmers(ખેડૂત). But such was the burning desire(તીવ્ર ઈચ્છા) to have a station in the village, everybody contributed(ફાળો આપ્યો) according to their capacity(ક્ષમતા), ranging(વિસ્તરણ થતું) from three thousand rupees to seventy five thousand rupees.

"They donated(દાન આપ્યું) money for the station and we started the construction(બાંધકામ) in January 2008," said Ranjit Singh, a former(ભૂતપૂર્વ) village sarpanch(સરપંચ).

"There are a large number(મોટી સંખ્યા) of people in the village who need to go to Gurgaon, Delhi and Rewar. There are students who go to colleges. Till now, we had to either go to Halimandi or Patli to catch(પકડવા) a train. Both the stations are six kilometers away(દૂર) from Taj Nagar. We thought(વિચાર્યું) when the railway lines passed through the village, we would have a station here. But that didn’t happen(થયું નહીં). So we raised(ઉઠાવી) the demand in 1982 and have been continuously(અવિરત રીતે) asking for it, but the railways told(કહ્યું) us that they did not have funds(પૈસા). So, finally(છેલ્લે) we decided to craft(ઘડવું) our own destiny(નસીબ)," said Hukamchand, a member(સભ્ય) of the committee(સમિતિ).

As a result(પરિણામરૂપે), the panchayat passed(મંજૂર કર્યું) a resolution(ઠરાવ) in 2008, saying that since the railway was not able to build(બાંધવું) a station for them, they would do it for themselves(પોતે માટે) and with their own(પોતાનું) money! Soon, an eleven member(સભ્ય) team was formed(રુપાંતરિત કરી) and the team started collecting(ભેગું કરવું) money from villagers.

On 7 January 2010, as a result(પરિણામરૂપે) of their efforts(પ્રયાસો), the first railway station in the country(દેશમાં), on which the railway did not have to spend(ખર્ચવું) a single(એકપણ) rupee, started operations.

Sitapur’s Light

In rural(ગ્રામ્ય) Uttar Pradesh, over sixty percent of households(ઘરેલુ પરિવારો) are without power(વીજળી). Sitapur district(જિલ્લો) is one such place with no power. A small social enterprise(ઉદ્યોગ) called Mera Gao Power (MGP) is trying to change(બદલવા) things. They are putting two solar panels(સૌર પેનલ) at a time.In just over a year, MGP has connected(જોડ્યું) more than 3,500 customers(ગ્રાહકો) to solar power minigrids(નાના પાવર ગ્રિડ) at a village level(ગામ સ્તરે).

Village by village, MGP is building(બનાવે છે) a network(જાળ) of low cost(ઓછા ખર્ચાળ) solar microgrids that provide(પુરી પાડે છે) two LED lights and a mobile charging point to all paying households at a cost(ખર્ચે) of twenty five rupees per week. That is cheaper(સસ્તું) than kerosene which can cost almost(લગભગ) double across a month(મહિનામાં). Solar power, as a ‘smokeless’(ધૂમાડા રહિત) source(સ્ત્રોત) of light, comes with added benefits(વધારાના લાભો) to customer health(ગ્રાહકના આરોગ્ય માટે).

Installing(સ્થાપન) a microgrid is a grand event(વિશાળ ઘટના) in the village and everyone gets involved(સમાવિષ્ટ થાય છે). In the village of Damdampurawa, the team maps(નકશો બનાવે છે) the village house by house beneath(નીચે) the scorching(તિવ્ર ગરમ) mid-day sun(મધ્યાહ્નના તડકામાં), working out(કામ કરી) where to place(જગ્યા પસંદ કરે છે) each wire(તાર) so as to connect customer to the power source. Some householders(ગૃહમાલિકો) join in while others look on, calling out orders(આદેશો આપતા) or watching the curious proceedings(ઉત્સુક કાર્યવાહી) wide-eyed.

The roof(છત) of a sturdy(મજબૂત), brick-walled(ઈંટની દિવાલવાળું) home in each village is always chosen(પસંદ કરવામાં આવે છે) as the site(સ્થળ) for the panels and the battery(બેટરી). Azaz, one of the company’s first electricians(ઇલેક્ટ્રિશિયન) to be recruited(ભરતી કરાયો) from the local district block(સ્થાનિક જિલ્લા બ્લોક) of Reusa, installs(સ્થાપિત કરે છે).The panel(પેનલ) in a southerly direction(દક્ષિણ દિશામાં) to capture(પકડી લેવા) as much sunlight(સૂર્યપ્રકાશ) as possible.

“We're saving our environment(પર્યાવરણ) with these lights, and there's no pollution(પ્રદૂષણ) in our homes either,” says a farmer(ખેડૂત) from the village.

“New businesses(વ્યાપારો) are starting to emerge(ઉદભવવું) amongst(વચ્ચે) the customers too,” says another. “In one village, customers are using the light to weave(વણવું) saris(સાડીઓ) by night. In another, one man now has a night business(રાત્રિનો વ્યવસાય) making plastic tablecloth(પ્લાસ્ટિકના મેજપાંદલા),” he says.

"It's nice(સારું) to have light while we cook(રસોઈ કરીએ છીએ) and eat(જમીએ છીએ). Our children(બાળકો) are also studying(અભ્યાસ કરે છે) more now!”

Palakkad Public Library

In Kerala(કેરળમાં), the Palakkad District Public Library(જિલ્લાની  જાહેર લાઈબ્રેરી) has been set up(સ્થાપિત કરવામાં આવી) and running(ચાલુ છે) since September 2013. It is a fine(ઉત્તમ) modern(આધુનિક) library(લાઇબ્રેરી), a center for information(માહિતી), knowledge(જ્ઞાન), wisdom, cultural activities(સાંસ્કૃતિક પ્રવૃત્તિઓ), research(સંશોધન) and reference(સંદર્ભ માટે). But it has recently(હમણાં) been in the news for different reasons(અલગ અલગ કારણોસર). A third(ત્રિજો ભાગ) of its thousand(હજાર) members are women. These women, supported(સમર્થન મળ્યું) by the shared space the library offered(પુરી પાડી) them, launched(શરૂ કર્યું) a women’s unit(મહિલાઓનું એકમ) in February, 2014. The unit got together(એકઠા થયુ) to discuss(ચર્ચા કરવા) methods(પદ્ધતિઓ) of empowering(સશક્ત બનાવવું) women.

The library opened its halls for film screening(ફિલ્મ દર્શન માટે), workshops(વર્કશોપ્સ/કાર્યગૃહો) in home economics(ઘરગથ્થુ અર્થશાસ્ત્ર) or gardening(બગીચો બનાવવાનો અભ્યાસ), child care(બાળ સંભાળ) or the arts(કલા માટે), and for women to get help in managing(સંચાલન/સંભાળ) family conflicts(કુટુંબમાં તકરારો), legal disputes(કાનૂની વિવાદો) and professional problems(વ્યવસાયિક સમસ્યાઓ).

The secretary(સચિવ) of the library pointed out(દર્શાવ્યું) that through reading(વાંચન દ્વારા), women would realize(અહેસાસ કરશે) their own strength(પોતાની શક્તિ) and forge(બનાવશે) a unity(એકતા). It was noted(નોંધવામાં આવ્યું) that the lending libraries(ઉધાર લાઇબ્રેરીઓ) of earlier times(પૂર્વ સમયના) were disappearing(અદૃશ્ય થઈ રહી હતી) and the present(હાલની) rural(ગ્રામ્ય) reading rooms were too often full of only male readers). The unit discussed(ચર્ચા કરી) that if the once well-read women of Kerala continued(ચાલુ રાખે) to squander(બગાડે) their hours(સમય) in front of television(ટેલિવિઝન સામે), it would encourage(પ્રોત્સાહિત કરશે) a climate(પરિસ્થિતિ) in which women are afraid(ડરે છે) to go out after dark(અંધાર પછી). So, the unit has formulated(ધડયું) plans on opening separate(અલગ) reading rooms for women.

Palakkad's district library stands tall(ગૌરવપૂર્વક ઉભી છે) as a beacon(દીવો/માર્ગદર્શક પ્રકાશ) to encourage(પ્રોત્સાહિત કરવા) women's empowerment(મહિલા સશક્તિકરણ) through classes, clubs(કલબો), workshops(કાર્યશાળાઓ) and reading rooms.

VERBS(ક્રિયાપદ)

Base Form	Pronunciation	Gujarati Meaning	Past Simple	Past Participle
1. Ask	આસ્ક	પૂછવું / માંગવું	Asked	Asked
2. Be	બી	હોવું	Was/Were	Been
3. Become	બિકમ	બનવું	Became	Become
4. Build	બિલ્ડ	બાંધવું	Built	Built
5. Call	કોલ	બોલાવવું / કહેવું	Called	Called
6. Catch	કેચ	પકડવું	Caught	Caught
7. Change	ચેન્જ	બદલવું	Changed	Changed
8. Choose	ચૂઝ	પસંદ કરવું	Chose	Chosen
9. Collect	કલેક્ટ	ભેગું કરવું	Collected	Collected
10. Come	કમ	આવવું	Came	Come
11. Connect	કનેક્ટ	જોડવું	Connected	Connected
12. Contribute	કોન્ટ્રિબ્યુટ	ફાળો આપવો	Contributed	Contributed
13. Cook	કુક	રસોઈ કરવી	Cooked	Cooked
14. Craft	ક્રાફ્ટ	ઘડવું	Crafted	Crafted
15. Decide	ડિસાઈડ	નિર્ણય લેવું	Decided	Decided
16. Discuss	ડિસ્કસ	ચર્ચા કરવી	Discussed	Discussed
17. Disappear	ડિસઅપિયર	અદૃશ્ય થવું	Disappeared	Disappeared
18. Donate	ડોનેટ	દાન આપવું	Donated	Donated
19. Eat	ઈટ	ખાવું	Ate	Eaten
20. Encourage	એન્કરેજ	પ્રોત્સાહન આપવું	Encouraged	Encouraged
21. Empower	એમપાવર	સશક્ત બનાવવું	Empowered	Empowered
22. Emerge	ઈમર્જ	ઉદભવવું	Emerged	Emerged
23. Form	ફોર્મ	રચવું / બનાવવું	Formed	Formed
24. Forge	ફોર્જ	ઘડવું / એકતા લાવવી	Forged	Forged
25. Get	ગેટ	મેળવવું	Got	Got/Gotten
26. Go	ગો	જવું	Went	Gone
27. Happen	હેપન	બનવું	Happened	Happened
28. Help	હેલ્પ	મદદ કરવી	Helped	Helped
29. Install	ઈન્સ્ટોલ	સ્થાપિત કરવું	Installed	Installed
30. Join	જોયન	જોડાવું	Joined	Joined
31. Know	નો	જાણવું	Knew	Known
32. Launch	લોન્ચ	શરૂ કરવું	Launched	Launched
33. Lobby	લોબી	અભિયાન ચલાવવું	Lobbied	Lobbied
34. Look	લૂક	જોવું	Looked	Looked
35. Manage	મેનેજ	સંભાળવું	Managed	Managed
36. Map	મેપ	નકશો બનાવવો	Mapped	Mapped
37. Need	નીડ	જરૂર હોવી	Needed	Needed
38. Offer	ઑફર	પૂરી પાડવી	Offered	Offered
39. Open	ઓપન	ખોલવું	Opened	Opened
40. Pass	પાસ	પસાર કરવું / મંજૂર કરવું	Passed	Passed
41. Place	પ્લેસ	મુકવું / સ્થાન આપવું	Placed	Placed
42. Point out	પોઈન્ટ આઉટ	દર્શાવવું	Pointed out	Pointed out
43. Put	પુટ	મુકવું	Put	Put
44. Raise	રેઝ	ઉઠાવવું / માગ કરવી	Raised	Raised
45. Realize	રિયલાઇઝ	અહેસાસ કરવો	Realized	Realized
46. Recruit	રિક્રુટ	ભરતી કરવો	Recruited	Recruited
47. Run	રન	ચલાવવું	Ran	Run
48. Say	સે	કહેવું	Said	Said
49. Save	સેવ	બચાવવું	Saved	Saved
50. See	સી	જોવું	Saw	Seen
51. Set up	સેટ અપ	સ્થાપિત કરવું	Set up	Set up
52. Spend	સ્પેન્ડ	ખર્ચવું	Spent	Spent
53. Squander	સ્ક્વાન્ડર	બગાડવું	Squandered	Squandered
54. Start	સ્ટાર્ટ	શરૂ કરવું	Started	Started
55. Stay	સ્ટે	રહેવું	Stayed	Stayed
56. Support	સપોર્ટ	સહારો આપવો	Supported	Supported
57. Think	થિંક	વિચારવું	Thought	Thought
58. Watch	વૉચ	જોવા	Watched	Watched
59. Weave	વીવ	વણવું	Wove	Woven
60. Work out	વર્ક આઉટ	કામ કરવું	Worked out	Worked out
61. Write	રાઇટ	લખવું	Wrote	Written